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¸£Àû±ÆÕ¾ Catalog 2025-2026

Philosophy (PHI)

±Ê±á±õÌý205ÌýÌýIntroduction to PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Introduction to selected problems of enduring philosophical importance, including such topics as the nature of morality, knowledge, human freedom, and the existence of God. Content varies with different sections.

Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý205 and ±Ê±á±õÌý210.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý210ÌýÌýPuzzles and ParadoxesÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

An introduction to philosophy through the study of puzzles and paradoxes such as those of logic, language, infinity, rationality, knowledge, and time travel. Not both ±Ê±á±õÌý205 and ±Ê±á±õÌý210 may be used towards satisfaction on PHI major or PHI minor requirements.

Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý210 and ±Ê±á±õÌý205

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý212ÌýÌýEthical Problems in the LawÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Explores uses of the legal system and justifications of legal interference with individual liberty, including such topics as criminal law and punishment, the death penalty, Good Samaritan laws, the insanity defense, civil disobedience, prison abolition, the right to privacy, and hate speech.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý214ÌýÌýIssues in Business EthicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

An analysis and evaluation of major issues in business ethics. Topics include the social responsibility of business; social justice and free enterprise; the rights and duties of employers, employees, manufacturers, and consumers; duties to the environment, the world's poor, future generations, and the victims of past injustices; the moral status of the corporation; and the ethics of advertising.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý221ÌýÌýContemporary Moral IssuesÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Philosophical analysis and theory applied to a broad range of contemporary moral issues, including euthanasia, suicide, capital punishment, abortion, war, famine relief, and environmental concerns.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý227ÌýÌýData EthicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Application of theories of moral right to issues such as free speech and "information pollution"; privacy and security; and algorithmic fairness, inequality and transparency.

GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives, GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý250ÌýÌýThinking LogicallyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Deductive arguments attempt to guarantee their conclusions. Inductive arguments attempt to make their conclusions more probable. Using a small number of simple, powerful logical techniques, this course teaches you how to find, analyze and evaluate deductive and inductive arguments, and thus how to avoid the most common errors in reasoning.

GEP Mathematical Sciences

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý298ÌýÌýSpecial Topics in PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Selected studies in philosophy that do not appear regularly in the curriculum. Topics will be announced for each semester in which the course is offered.

±Ê±á±õÌý300ÌýÌýAncient PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Western philosophy of the ancient world, with special emphasis on Plato and Aristotle.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý301ÌýÌýEarly Modern PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Western philosophy of the 17th and 18th centuries, including such philosophers as Descartes, Hobbes, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý302ÌýÌý19th Century PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Western philosophy of the 19th century, including such philosophers as Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Marx, and Nietzsche.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý305ÌýÌýPhilosophy of ReligionÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

The existence and nature of God, including such topics as traditional proofs of God, skeptical challenges to religious belief, miracles, the problem of evil, faith and reason, and religious experience.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý308ÌýÌýHistory of Social and Political PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Topics and themes in the history of social and political philosophy. Philosophers to be studied may include: Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Wollstonecraft, Marx, Mill, and Douglass.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Spring only

This course is offered alternate years

±Ê±á±õÌý309ÌýÌýPolitical PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Philosophical study of important political ideas and values such as liberty, equality, justice, rights, and democracy. May include readings from classical and contemporary sources.

Prerequisite: One PHI course

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý310ÌýÌýExistentialismÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Philosophy of Existentialism, including such thinkers as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Doestoevsky, Sartre, Heidegger, and Camus.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý312ÌýÌýPhilosophy of LawÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Exploration of fundamental issues in the philosophical study of law, such as what constitutes a law or legal system; competing theories of law, such as legal positivism and natural law theory; philosophical issues illustrated by specific legal cases.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý319ÌýÌýBlack Political PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Black thought on central issues in political philosophy such as justice, equality and state authority. Readings will be selected from the works of several Black thinkers, including figures such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Kwame Nkrumah, Charles Mills and Angela Davis.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý320ÌýÌýPhilosophy of RaceÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Fundamental philosophical questions raised by the concept of race, such as whether race is a legitimate category for identifying human beings, and whether the category of race reinforces racism.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý325/³§°Õ³§Ìý325ÌýÌýBio-Medical EthicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Interdisciplinary examination and appraisal of emerging ethical and social issues resulting from recent advances in the biological and medical sciences. Abortion, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, compromised infants, aids, reproductive technologies, and health care. Focus on factual details and value questions, fact-value questions, fact-value interplay, and questions of impact assessment and policy formulation.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý330ÌýÌýMetaphysicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Problems of metaphysics, including such topics as: possibility and necessity, paradoxes of time travel, nature of space and time, free will and determinism, causation, mind-body problem and identity-over-time.

Prerequisite: One PHI course

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý331ÌýÌýPhilosophy of LanguageÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Introduction to traditional and modern accounts of the relations between language and reality, the nature of truth, problems of intentionality and propositional attitudes.

Prerequisite: One PHI course

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý332ÌýÌýPhilosophy of PsychologyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Problems and controversies that overlap the boundary between philosophy and psychology: the mind/body problem, behaviorism vs. cognitivism, the prospects for artificial intelligence, and language and the questions of innate knowledge.

Prerequisite: One PHI course or one PSY course

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý333ÌýÌýKnowledge and SkepticismÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Analysis of such central concepts as knowledge, belief, and truth, and the investigation of the principles by which claims to knowledge may be justified.

Prerequisite: One PHI course

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý340ÌýÌýPhilosophy of ScienceÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Nature of science highlighted by differences between science and pseudoscience, relationships between science and religion, and roles of purpose-directed (teleological) and causal explanation in physical, life and social sciences.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý347ÌýÌýNeuroscience and PhilosophyÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Introduction to principal theoretical, empirical and normative issues at the intersection of neuroscience and philosophy, including such issues as: consciousness, the mind's I and the brain's I: free will, moral responsibility and neuroscience; the ethics of personal enhancement; brains, human nature and personal identity; neuroscientifically informed evaluation of well-being.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý375ÌýÌýEthicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Examination of traditional questions of philosophical ethics: What are the principles of moral conduct? What sort of life is worthy of a human being? Includes both classic and contemporary literature.

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý376ÌýÌýHistory of EthicsÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Topics in the history of ethics. Philosophers to be studied may include Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Butler, Hume, Kant, Sidgwick and Nietzsche.

Prerequisite: One PHI course

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý401ÌýÌýKant's Critique of Pure ReasonÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A text-based critical study of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason Focusing on such topics as perception, judgment, knowledge, space, time, substance, causation and reality. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý401 and ±Ê±á±õÌý501.

Prerequisite: 6 credits in PHI. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý401 and ±Ê±á±õÌý501.

GEP Humanities

±Ê±á±õÌý403ÌýÌýContinental Philosophy After 1900ÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Key themes in continental European philosophy after 1900. Work studied will include selections from writings of authors in at least two major traditions, e.g., phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism, and critical theory. Junior standing or above required. Students may not receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý403 and ±Ê±á±õÌý503.

R: Junior standing or above

GEP Humanities

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý420ÌýÌýGlobal JusticeÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

The applications of the ideas of justice and right beyond and across the borders of individual nation states, attending to the facts of globalization and their consequences for political and economic justice and human rights. Topics: skepticism about global justice; transnational distributive justice, pollution, and poverty; national sovereignty, self-determination, and intervention; the ethics of war; international human rights; and global democracy. No one can receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý420 and ±Ê±á±õÌý520.

Prerequisite: One PHI course. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý420 and ±Ê±á±õÌý520.

GEP Humanities

±Ê±á±õÌý425/±Ê³§³ÛÌý425ÌýÌýIntroduction to Cognitive ScienceÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Philosophical foundations and empirical fundamentals of cognitive science, an interdisciplinary approach to human cognition. Topics include: the computational model of mind, mental representation, cognitive architecture, the acquisition and use of language. Students cannot receive credit for both PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý425 and PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý525.

Prerequisite: One upper-level PHI, PSY, CSC or Linguistics course. Credit is not allowed for ±Ê±á±õÌý425 and PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý525.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý440ÌýÌýThe Scientific MethodÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Detailed examination of core issues in the philosophy of science: the confirmation of scientific theories, falsification, projectibility, the nature of scientific explanation, laws of nature, and causation. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý440 and ±Ê±á±õÌý540.

Prerequisite: One PHI course. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý440 and ±Ê±á±õÌý540.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý447ÌýÌýPhilosophy, Evolution and Human NatureÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

This course covers philosophical issues in the evolutionary study of human cognition: the role of adaptationism; the values of psychological vs. behavioral approaches; the phenotypic gambit; the evolution of morality and altruism; the nature of culture and the possibility of cultural evolution; innateness, genetic determinism and development; and case studies of evolutionary explanation of human behavior or psychology. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý447 and ±Ê±á±õÌý547.

Prerequisite: One 300 level or higher course in Philosophy, Biology, Psychology or Anthropology. Credit is not allowed for ±Ê±á±õÌý447 and ±Ê±á±õÌý547.

GEP Humanities, GEP Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý475ÌýÌýEthical TheoryÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

An introduction to some central themes and issues in ethical theory. Topics in normative and meta-ethics such as consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, constructivism, realism, relativism, subjectivism, and expressivism. Readings primarily from contemporary literature.

Prerequisite: ±Ê±á±õÌý375 or ±Ê±á±õÌý376. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý475 and ±Ê±á±õÌý575.

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý494ÌýÌýResearch and Writing in EthicsÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A substantial paper in ethics, assigned by the instructor of the corequisite; enrollment subject to departmental approval; may be repeated for credit. Individualized/Independent Study and Research courses require a Course Agreement for Students Enrolled in Non-Standard Courses be completed by the student and faculty member prior to registration by the department.

Prerequisite: ±Ê±á±õÌý250 or LOG/MA 201 or LOG/²Ñ´¡Ìý335 and one other (non ±Ê±á±õÌý250) PHI course. Corequisite: One of (±Ê±á±õÌý298, 302, 309, 310, 313, 319, 325, 375, 376, 403, 420, 475, or 498)

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý495ÌýÌýResearch and Writing in History of PhilosophyÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A substantial paper in history of philosophy, assigned by the instructor of the co-requisite; enrollment subject to departmental approval; may be repeated for credit. Individualized/Independent Study and Research courses require a Course Agreement for Students Enrolled in Non-Standard Courses be completed by the student and faculty member prior to registration by the department.

Prerequisite: ±Ê±á±õÌý250, ³¢°¿³ÒÌý201 or 335 and one other (non-±Ê±á±õÌý250) PHI course; Co-requisite: One of ±Ê±á±õÌý298, 300, 301, 302, 310, 401, 403 or 498

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý496ÌýÌýResearch and Writing in Contemporary PhilosophyÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A substantial paper in contemporary philosophy, assigned by the instructor of the corequisite; enrollment subject to departmental approval; may be repeated for credit. Individualized/Independent Study and Research courses require a Course Agreement for Students Enrolled in Non-Standard Courses be completed by the student and faculty member prior to registration by the department.

Prerequisite: (±Ê±á±õÌý250 or ³¢°¿³ÒÌý201 or ³¢°¿³ÒÌý335) and one other PHI course; Corequisite: One of ±Ê±á±õÌý298, 305, 310, 320, 330, 331, 332, 333, 340, 347, 403 425, 440, 447 or 498

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý497ÌýÌýResearch and Writing in Logic, Representation and ReasoningÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A substantial paper in logic, representation and reasoning, assigned by the instructor of the corequisite. enrollment subject to departmental approval; may be repeated for credit. Individualized/Independent Study and Research courses require a Course Agreement for Students Enrolled in Non-Standard Courses be completed by the student and faculty member prior to registration by the department.

Prerequisite: ³¢°¿³ÒÌý201 or 335, and one other PHI course, not ±Ê±á±õÌý250, Corequisite: One of LOG/²Ñ´¡Ìý335, ³¢°¿³ÒÌý430/530, 435/535, ±Ê±á±õÌý298, 330, 331, 332, 333, 347, 340, 425/525, 440/540 or 447/547

Typically offered in Fall, Spring, and Summer

±Ê±á±õÌý498ÌýÌýSpecial Topics in PhilosophyÌýÌý(1-6 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Detailed investigation of selected topics in philosophy. Topics determined by faculty members in consultation with head of the department. Course may be used for individualized study.

Prerequisite: Six credits in PHI courses

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý501ÌýÌýKant's Critique of Pure ReasonÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

A text-based critical study of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason focusing on topics such as perception, judgment, knowledge, space, time, substance, causation, and reality. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý401 and ±Ê±á±õÌý501.

Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý501 and ±Ê±á±õÌý401.

±Ê±á±õÌý503ÌýÌýContinental Philosophy After 1900ÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Key themes in continental European philosophy after 1900. Work studied will include selections from writings of authors in at least two major traditions, e.g., phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism, and critical theory. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý403 and ±Ê±á±õÌý503. Junior standing is required for ±Ê±á±õÌý403. Graduate standing is required for ±Ê±á±õÌý503.

R: Graduate Standing

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý520ÌýÌýGlobal JusticeÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

The applications of the ideas of justice and right beyond and across the borders of individual nation states, attending to the facts of globalization and their consequences for political and economic justice and human rights. Topics: skepticism about global justice; transnational distributive justice, pollution, and poverty; national sovereignty, self-determination, and intervention; the ethics of war; international human rights; and global democracy. No one can receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý420 and ±Ê±á±õÌý520.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý520 and ±Ê±á±õÌý420.

±Ê±á±õÌý525/±Ê³§³ÛÌý525ÌýÌýIntroduction To Cognitive ScienceÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Philosophical foundations and empirical fundamentals of cognitive science, an interdisciplinary approach to human cognition. Topics include: the computational model of mind, mental representation, cognitive architecture, the acquisition and use of language. Students cannot receive credit for both PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý425 and PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý525.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Credit is not allowed for ±Ê±á±õÌý525 and PHI/±Ê³§³ÛÌý425.

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý540ÌýÌýThe Scientific MethodÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Detailed examination of core issues in the philosophy of science: the confirmation of scientific theories, falsification, projectibility, the nature of scientific explanation, laws of nature, and causation. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý440 and ±Ê±á±õÌý540.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý540 and ±Ê±á±õÌý440.

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý547ÌýÌýPhilosophy, Evolution and Human NatureÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

This course covers philosophical issues in the evolutionary study of human cognition: the role of adaptationism; the values of psychological vs. behavioral approaches; the phenotypic gambit; the evolution of morality and altruism; the nature of culture and the possibility of cultural evolution; innateness, genetic determinism and development; and case studies of evolutionary explanation of human behavior or psychology. Students cannot receive credit for both ±Ê±á±õÌý447 and ±Ê±á±õÌý547.

Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý547 and ±Ê±á±õÌý447. Graduate Standing Required.

Typically offered in Fall only

±Ê±á±õÌý575ÌýÌýEthical TheoryÌýÌý(3 credit hours)ÌýÌý

An introduction to some central themes and issues in ethical theory. Topics in normative and meta-ethics such as consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, constructivism, realism, relativism, subjectivism, and expressivism. Readings primarily from contemporary literature.

Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. Credit is not allowed for both ±Ê±á±õÌý575 and ±Ê±á±õÌý475.

Typically offered in Spring only

±Ê±á±õÌý598ÌýÌýSpecial Topics in PhilosophyÌýÌý(3-6 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý696ÌýÌýSummer Thesis ResÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý
±Ê±á±õÌý816ÌýÌýIntroduction to Research EthicsÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý

Institutional rules guiding the responsible conduct of research (RCR) and their philosophical justification. Rudiments of moral reasoning and their application to RCR. Topics: plagiarism, falsification and fabrication of data, and ethics versus custom, law, science, and religion.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing

Typically offered in Fall and Spring

±Ê±á±õÌý896ÌýÌýSummer Dissert ResÌýÌý(1 credit hours)ÌýÌý